NB-IoT, or Narrowband Internet of Things, is a low-power wide-area (LPWA) cellular technology for connecting large numbers of simple IoT devices. It operates on licensed spectrum, offering deep indoor penetration and wide coverage. The low power use makes it ideal for devices that send small amounts of data infrequently.
Unlike traditional LTE, NB-IoT focuses on stationary devices with low data rates. Examples include smart meters, environmental sensors, parking meters, and agricultural monitors. It can deliver battery life of over 10 years by using simplified radio protocols and keeping devices in sleep mode for long periods.
NB-IoT uses narrow frequency bands (about 180 kHz) within LTE or GSM networks for IoT communication. This approach improves efficiency, reduces device costs, and eases network congestion. The technology does not support high mobility or voice services but excels in cases where reliability, range, and low power are essential.
Narrowband Internet of Things offers scalable, cost-effective, and energy-efficient connectivity. It is a strong choice for large IoT deployments, especially in areas that are difficult to reach.